Thailand, Draft Industrial Waste Management Act
Introduction: The Urgent Need for a New Legal Framework Thailand is facing an increasing challenge in managing industrial waste. Over the past decade, the country has experienced a surge in …
Thailand, one of the leading industrialized countries in Southeast Asia, has been tackling with various environmental pollution issues emerging along with economic growth. Emissions from industrial facilities and exhaust gas from mobile sources has been causing air pollution in large cities and industrial parks. Chao Phraya River, canals and waterways in urban areas has been deteriorated due to urbanization and economic activities. Social interests on management of increasing wastes, including municipal wastes, industrial wastes, waste electrical and electronic equipments, infectious wastes, as well as noise and odor issues has been risen.
Widely known legal action against industries in Map Ta Phut, Rayong province, caused a huge impact to government and private entities. In September 2009, the Central Administrative Court of Thailand ordered the suspension of 76 industrial projects in Map Ta Phut industrial estate, one of the largest petrochemical complex in the world, totaling approximately $10 billion due to environmental and health concerns. Although many projects have been reopened lately, this Map Ta Phut pollution issue once again highlighted the importance and risks of environmental management in Thailand.
Thailand established legal framework to regulate environmental issues as follows;
Summary of EHS laws in Thailand
LAW | Field | Ministry in charge | Overview |
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Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535 (1992) | Pollution control | Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment | Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535 is a fundamental environmental law in Thailand. The act was enacted in 1992 to replace previous Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act of 1975. It covers wide range of pollution issues such as water pollution, air pollution, waste management, noise and vibration. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) scheme, which is an obligation for specific type of industrial projects, infrastructure projects , condominiums, and etc. is implemented under this Act. |
Factory Act, B.E. 2535 (1992) | Environmental management within factory | Ministry of Industry | Factory Act, B.E. 2535 (1992) was enacted in 1992 to replace previous Factory Act of 1969. One of the main purposes of the act is to regulate environmental and safety concerns associated with factory establishment and operation. Subsidiary regulations and notifications published by Ministry of Industry prescribes various requirements for EHS management such as;
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Hazardous Substance Act, B.E. 2535 (1992) | Chemical management | Ministry of Industry and other relevant ministries | Hazardous Substance Act, B.E. 2535 (1992) was enacted in 1992 to replace previous Poisons Act of 1967. The act established a legal base of chemical management in Thailand. Industries which manufacture, import, export or possess hazardous chemicals shall conduct chemical business in accordance with this act and its subsidiary regulations and notifications. The act regulates chemicals for agriculture, fisheries, livestock, food and medical purpose, industry and energy business. |
Public Health Act, B.E. 2535 (1992) | Public health | Ministry of Public Health | Public Health Act, B.E. 2535 (1992) was enacted in 1992 to replace previous Public Health Act of 1941. The purpose of the act is to assure health, hygiene and living environment of citizens. The act prescribes duties of the local municipalities as well as the private entities. Municipal wastes are managed by local municipalities under this act. Business detrimental to health, 13 business categories defined by the subsidiary notification, shall be carried out in accordance with the requirement of the act. |
Occupational Safety, Health and Environment Act B.E. 2554 (2011) | Occupational safety and health | Ministry of Labor | Occupational Safety, Health and Environment Act B.E. 2554 was established to assure safe working condition at workplace. The act prescribes duties of the central and local government as well as those of employers and employees. Subsidiary regulations and notifications published by Ministry of Labor prescribes various requirements such as;
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Energy Conservation Promotion Act B.E. 2535 (1992) | Energy conservation and efficiency | Ministry of Energy | Energy Conservation Promotion Act B.E. 2535 (1992) is a fundamental energy management law in Thailand. Designated factory or building under the act is required to appoint person responsible for energy and implement energy management system. Energy efficiency of the equipments is promoted and encouraged. |
Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand Act, B.E.2522 (1979) | Environmental management within factory located in industrial estates | Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand | Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand Act, B.E.2522 (1979) establishes rules and standards for industries located in industrial estates. As environmental management is a part of the scope of the act, factories located in industrial estates shall carry out their activities in accordance with the act. |
Notification under NEQA of 1992 | Published |
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Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 8, B.E. 2537 (1994), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Surface Water Quality Standards | 1994.02.24 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board: Marine Water Quality Standards | 2017.11.23 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 20, B.E. 2543 (2000), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Groundwater Quality Standards | 2000.09.15 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 10, B.E. 2538 (1995), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Ambient air quality standard | 1995.05.25 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 24, B.E. 2547 (2004), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Ambient air quality standard amendment | 2004.09.22 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 28, B.E. 2550 (2007), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Ambient air quality standard amendment | 2007.05.14 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 33, B.E. 2552 (2009), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Ambient air quality standard amendment | 2009.08.14 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 36, B.E. 2553 (2010), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Ambient air quality standard amendment | 2010.03.24 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 12, B.E. 2538 (1995), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Sulfur Dioxide Standard in Ambient Air | 1995.07.13 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 21, B.E. 2544 (2001), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Sulfur Dioxide Standard in Ambient Air amendment | 2001.04.30 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 30, B.E. 2550 (2007), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) VOC Standard in Ambient Air | 2007.09.28 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board on Carbon Disulfide Standard in General Ambient Air | 2017.09.20 |
Notification of the National Environmental Board, No. 25, B.E. 2547 (2004), issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Soil quality standard | 2004.10.20 |
Notification of Environmental Board No. 15 B.E.2540 (1997) under the Conservation and Enhancement of National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992) Ambient noise standard | 1997.04.03 |
Framework of EHS laws and regulations in Thailand.
Introduction: The Urgent Need for a New Legal Framework Thailand is facing an increasing challenge in managing industrial waste. Over the past decade, the country has experienced a surge in …
The Excise Department of Thailand, Ministry of Finance published the “Announcement of the Excise Department regarding Criteria and Conditions for Determining Carbon Pricing for Petroleum and Petroleum Products” in the …
Thailand, with its favorable geographic location and abundant sunlight, has faced challenges in adopting rooftop solar due to regulatory complexities, overlapping permits, and slow approval processes. Even small, non-commercial installations …
The Department of Labour Protection and Welfare of the Thailand’s Ministry of Labour released draft amendments to the “Occupational Safety, Health, and Environment Act (No. …): B.E. ….”. Public opinions …
The Department of Industrial Works (DIW) of Thailand opened a draft of “Industrial Waste Management Act. B.E. …” on the Law Portal; Thai Government Central Legislation System Website for stakeholder …
Ministry of Industry of Thailand published the “Ministerial Regulation Establishing Air Odor Standards for Factories B.E. 2568 (2025)” in the Government Gazette on 27 March 2025. The regulation sets out …
On January 31, 2025, Thailand’s Ministry of Public Health issued the Notification “List of Prohibited Substances in Cosmetic Manufacturing, Fourth Edition (B.E. 2568 [2025]) ” in the Royal Gazette. This …
The complete, accurate, and transparent disclosure of information by listed companies is a crucial to build investor confidence and attracting their interest. In addition to financial data, information on Environmental, …
On January 31, 2025, the Pollution Control Department (PCD) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE) of Thailand released the Sustainable Packaging Materials Management Bill (Buddhist Year of …
On January 21, 2025, the Thai Cabinet approved the principles presented in a drafted Ministry of Finance Ordinance as proposed by the Department of Goods Taxation of the Ministry of …
Thailand published following 2 notifications in January 2025. These notifications improves electrical safety inspection of workplaces and industrial factories.
On December 6, 2024, the Thai Ministry of Industry promulgated, in the Official Gazette, the Notification of Ministry of Industry on Standards and Procedures for the Preparation and Submission of …
On November 8, 2024, the Department of Climate Change and Environment (DCCE) of Thailand’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment launched its second public consultation on the revised Climate Change …
On November 26, 2024, Thailand promulgated the “Notification of the Committee for the Control of Occupational and Environmental Diseases of B.E. 2567 (2024) Concerning Types, Scale, and Characteristics of Pollution …
Ministry of Commerce of Thailand published the “Notification of the Ministry of Commerce regarding Designation of Plastic Waste as Prohibited Goods for Import into the Kingdom B.E. 2567 (2024)” in …
On December 2, 2024, the Department of Industrial Works (DIW) of the Ministry of Industry published a draft amendment to List 5 of hazardous substances under the Hazardous Substances Act, …
Ministry of Labour of Thailand published the “Notification of the Ministry of Labour regarding Hazard Assessment, Study of Workplace Environmental Impacts, and Preparation of Employee and Business Establishment Control Plans” …
On August 23, 2024, Thailand’s government promulgated Ministry of Public Health and Ministry of Industry Order Stipulating Diagrams, Symbols, or Wording of Containers or Packages Containing Volatile Substances of B.E. …
On October 15, 2024, the following three notifications, which require safety testing of boilers and fluid heaters, were promulgated in Thailand. All entered into effect the day after the promulgation.
1. Introduction Global warming and climate change have become international threats making economic and living conditions increasingly difficult. These issues stem from human economic activities and consumption, which have continuously …
On August 29, 2024, the “Office of the National Water Resources Notification on the 20-Year Water Resources Management Master Plan (Revision Phase 1, 2023–2037 (B.E. 2566–2580))” was promulgated in Thailand. …
Introduction Thailand’s industrial sector has long been a vital driver of the country’s economic growth, contributing significantly to its GDP and employment. However, alongside these economic benefits, industrial activities have …
On July 30, 2024, the Ministry of Public Health Notification on the Mandatory Notification on the Monitoring, Prevention, and Control of Environmental Diseases to Residents Exposed or Potentially Exposed to …
On July 3, 2024, the following four legislations on cosmetic products were promulgated in Thailand. Ministry of Public Health Notification: Names of Substances Prohibited for Use as Ingredients in the …
On August 8, 2024, the Ministry of Industry (MOI) of Thailand promulgated MOI Notification on the 2nd version of the Regulations Requiring Factories to Install Special Tools or Equipment for …
In industrial settings, hazardous substances and chemicals are a critical part of operations, but they come with significant risks if not managed properly. These substances, ranging from flammable liquids to …
On August 8, 2024, in Thailand, the “Department of Industrial Works Notification on Guidelines for Collecting Samples of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds at Factory Boundary Fences During Major Maintenance Work …
The Label Committee of Thailand, the organization responsible for consumer protection, published the “Notification on designated of gas canister and portable stove as label-controlled products” in the Government Gazette on …
Soil Pollution in Thailand Soil and groundwater are critical components of the environment, serving as essential resources for agricultural production, drinking water, and maintaining ecological balance. The protection of these …
Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand published “Notification of the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand No. 029/2567 regarding general standard for wastewater discharge into the central wastewater treatment system in industrial …
The Label Committee of Thailand, the organization responsible for consumer protection, published the “Notification on designation of water filters as a label-controlled product” in the Government Gazette on 28 May …
Measures against Climate Change in Thailand Climate change stands as one of the most pressing challenges of our time, demanding urgent and decisive action from nations around the globe. In …
On 5 June 2024, the Director General of the Excise Department of Thailand disclosed the current stage of proposing methodology of carbon taxing to the Ministry of Finance for consideration …
Thai Industrial Standard Institute (TISI) issued a standard of “TIS 3604-2023 MERCURY-ADDED PRODUCT – RESTRICTION OF THE USE OF MERCURY”, targeting electrical and electronics equipment which might affect to health …
In March 2024, the Ministry of Industry of Thailand released the Ministerial Draft Notification on Data Reporting on Types and Amounts of Pollutants from Factory Operations (hereinafter referred to as …
Waste management is a pressing environmental issue faced by most countries. Due to improper management, Thailand’s waste has been accumulating from the past and the volume has been increasing every …
Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Thailand opened the draft of Sustainable Packaging Management Act for public hearing on the website on 18 March 2024. The …
In recent years, there has been a seismic shift in the way businesses operate, driven by a growing recognition of the interconnectedness between corporate activities and their impact on the …
Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Thailand opened the draft of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act for public hearing on their website on 22 February …
On May 22nd, 2019, Occupational Diseases and Environmental Disease Act B.E. 2562 (2019) was announced on the government gazette by Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health of Thailand. …
On 8th January 2024, the Energy Regulatory Commission of Thailand (ERC), an independent body to regulate energy industry operation of the country, announced “Notification of the Energy Regulatory Commission regarding …
On 7th December 2023, the Department of Industrial Works (DIW), Ministry of Industry of Thailand released following two draft notifications to control import and usage of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in accordance …
On 1st November 2023, the Department of Industrial Works (DIW), Ministry of Industry of Thailand released a draft notification to revise the hazardous substance list under Hazardous Substance Act B.E. …
Current Situation of Waste Management in Thailand In recent years, Thailand has faced challenges of illegal dumping of industrial waste, causing significant harm to both people and the environment. Illegal …
The Ministry of Public Health has issued a notification, enacted under Cosmetics Act B.E. 2558 (2015), Notification if the Ministry of Public Health, Re: Prescribe Types of Cosmetics, Criteria, Methods …
Thai Ministry of Natural Reources and Environment announced two notifications (1) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment prescribing standards for controlling air emissions from power plants, B.E. …
Thai government announced the “Royal Decree regarding Changing the Name of the Deeparment of Environmental Quality Promotion (DEQP) to Department of Climate Change and Environment (CCE) B.E. 2566 (2023)” in …
Ministry of Industry of Thailand announced “Notification of the Ministry of Industry on Management of Waste or Unused Materials (No. 2) B.E. 2566 (2023)” in the Royal Gazette on 15 …
Thailand has set its mission for Sustainable Development since it ratified the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development (JDSD) in 2002, the Manila Declaration on Green Industry in 2009, and the …
The Ministry of Industry of Thailand published the following three regulations in the Royal Gazette on 3 July 2023. These regulations will be effective on 1st January 2024 to implement …
The Department of Energy Business, the Ministry of Energy of Thailand, announced “Notification of Department of Energy Business: Fire protection and extinguishing system with fire sprinkler for the gas cylinders …
Thailand announced “Notification of the Ministry of Public Health Prescribing the Name of any Substance Prohibited for Use as an Ingredient in Cosmetic Production B.E. 2566 (2023)” in the Royal …
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The Pollution Control Department, under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, published the “Notification of the Pollution Control Department, Re: Thailand Air Quality Index B.E.2566 (2023)” dated on 16 …
Ministry of Industry of Thailand announced “Notification of the Ministry of Industry on Management of Waste or Unused Materials B.E. 2566 (2023)” in the Royal Gazette on 31 May 2023.
On February 17, 2023, the label committee, which is responsible for administering consumer protection laws in Thailand, promulgated the “Label Committee Notification: Form of Label for Label Regulated Products (Third …
On December 19, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration of Ministry of Public Health in Thailand promulgated “the Food and Drug Administration Notification: List of Safety Evaluation Agencies and Food …
Ministry of Industry of Thailand announced “Notification of the Ministry of Industry on Safety Measures for Chemical Management in Industrial Factories (No. 2) B.E. 2566 (2023)” in the Royal Gazette …
Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry of Thailand announced “Guidelines for permission to import Sodium cyanide, Benzyl cyanide and Benzyl chloride for use or sale in the country” dated …
On March 24, 2023, the Ministry of Industry of Thailand promulgated “the Ministry of Industry Notification No. 5: Safety and Protection Measures for Operation in the B.E. 2566 (2023) “ …
The Marine Department of the Ministry of Transport of Thailand has been working on the development of subordinate laws and regulations for the implementation of “Ministerial Regulation on the Handling …
On February 23, 2023, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Thailand promulgated the “Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Thailand Notification: Regulation of Standard Values for Carbon …
Illegal dumping, also known as fly-tipping, is a significant environmental problem in Thailand. Despite the existence of laws to regulate the disposal of waste, there are still many cases in …
Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry of Thailand published “Order of Department of Industrial Works No. 42/2566 regarding Hazardous Substance Management of Perfluorooctanoic Acid, Salt of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and …
Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health of Thailand established “Notification of the Department of Health regarding Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Standards in Public Building B.E. 2565 (2022)” dated on …
Ministry of Public Health of Thailand announced “Notification of Ministry of Public Health B.E. 2565 (2022): Notification and Report in the Case of Finding Person Contracting or Reasonably Suspected to …
The Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a series of international meetings to negotiate …
Ministry of Industry of Thailand published “Notification of Ministry of Industry B.E. 2565 (2022): List of hazardous substances (No.7)” in the Royal Gazette on 21 December 2022. The notification has …
On September 8, 2022, the Notification of the Committee on Labels Re: Determination of Ultraviolet Radiation in the C Range of Wavelengths (Ultraviolet C or UV-C) Goods as a Label-Controlled …
Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment announced “Notification of the Pollution Control Department on the Characteristics of Plastic Scraps Suitable for Recycling B.E.2565 (2022)” in the Royal …
Thailand Ministry of Industry published a set of announcements to control emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from chemical and petrochemical industries on 2 November 2022. The notifications are;
The month of November is when the winter season begins for Thailand. In the past years, during winter season, the air quality gets particularly worse than other seasons due to …
Economic instruments (EI) can be considered as one of the most effective environmental policies since they provide incentives for actions without removing individual freedom of choice. From a policy viewpoint, …
Thailand Department of Industrial Works (DIW), Ministry of Industry published “Notification of the Department of Industrial Works prescribing the Criteria for the Approval of a Factory with a Wastewater Treatment …
Thai Industrial Standards Institute (TISI) opened a draft industrial standard for “ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT THAT MAY CONTAIN HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES –PART X RESTRICTION OF THE USE OF MERCURY” for public …
On September 13th, 2022, Thailand Ministry of Industry opened the latest draft “Notification of Ministry of Industry: Reporting of Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) B.E. 25XX” for pubic consultation. …
Thailand Department of Mineral Fuels, Ministry of Energy published “Notification of the Department of Mineral Fuels regarding Criteria on Reporting and Calculation Methods of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Petroleum …
Marine Department, Ministry of Transport, Thailand announced “Notification of the Marine Department No.153/B.E. 2565 (2022) Prescribing Standard for Controlling wastewater from Industrial Factories, Industrial Estates, and Industrial Zones with Engagement …
Ministry of Industry published “Ministerial Regulation regarding designation of Synthetic Dyestuffs as industrial products which shall conform to industrial standard” in the Royal Gazette on 19 August 2022. Although there …
Thailand announced “Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Prescribing Effluent Standards for the Control of Wastewater Discharge from Sanitary Landfill Facility, B.E. 2565 (2022)” in the Royal …
Thailand Ministry of Labor published “Ministerial Regulation Regarding Arrangement of Safety Officers, Department, or Group of Person to Conduct Safety Operation in the Workplace B.E. 2565 (2022)” in the Royal …
As Covid-19 pandemic subsides, physical (on-site) inspection has become possible for the first time in almost 3 years. During past months, Ministry of Industry has announced their plan for stricter …
Thailand Ministry of Industry published “Notification of Ministry of Industry regarding Declaration of the production or import of hazardous substances of list 5.6 under the responsibility of Department of Industrial …
Thailand Ministry of Public Health published “Notification of the Ministry of Public Health (No. 435) B.E. 2565 (2022) Issued under the Food Act, B.E. 2522 (1979) on Determination of Quality …
Thailand Ministry of Industry published “Notification of the Ministry of Industry on the Requirement of the Factory to Install Special Tool or Device to Report Air Pollution from Factory Stacks, …
Thailand Ministry of Industry published the industrial standard “TIS 2368–2564 Electrical And Electronic Equipment That May Contain Hazardous Substances : Restriction Of The Use Of Certain Hazardous Substances” in the …
NOTE: The notification was partially amended in May, 2023. See more details below: Thailand extended reporting deadline of hazardous chemicals in the factory Thailand Ministry of Industry published “Notification …
Thailand Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry published “Notification of Department of Industrial Works regarding Criteria and Method for Registration and Notification of Specialized Person Responsible for Safety Storage …
Ministry of Industry published “Ministerial Regulation regarding designation of Toys as industrial products which shall conform to the industrial standard” in the Royal Gazette on 25 March 2022. The regulation …
Thailand Ministry of Labor published “Ministerial Regulation on Determination of Safety Management System Standards B.E. 2565 (2022)” in the Royal Gazette on 11 April 2022. The regulation, which repeals the …
NOTE: On September 8, 2022, the Notification of the Committee on Labels Re: Determination of Ultraviolet Radiation in the C Range of Wavelengths (Ultraviolet C or UV-C) Goods as a Label-Controlled …
The Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Thailand bans single-use plastics from national parks for the conservation of natural resources. The …
The Department of Energy Business, the Ministry of Energy of Thailand, announced “Notification of Department of Energy Business: Criteria and Procedures of Installation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Leak Detector for …
The fire incident which led to explosion of chemical storage tanks at Samut Prakan Province in July 2021 together with frequent accidents relating to factory operation led the Ministry of …
Thailand announced “Notification of the Ministry of Industry Prescribing Standards for Controlling the Discharge of Wastewater Effluent from Factory Operating Business on Desalination B.E. 2564 (2021)” in the Royal Gazette …
Thailand announced “Notification of the Ministry of Public Health Prescribing the Name of any Substance Prohibited for Use as an Ingredient in Cosmetic Production (No. 7) B.E. 2565 (2022)” in …
Thailand announced “Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Prescribing Standard for Controlling Wastewater from Small Establishments Manufacturing or Providing Some Types of Products or Services B.E. 2564 …
Thailand announced “Ministerial Regulation on Performance Report on Compliance with Factory Act B.E. 2564 (2021)” in the Royal Gazette on 20 December 2021. The regulation requires factory operators to declare …
NOTE: Ministry of Industry of Thailand published “Notification of Ministry of Industry B.E. 2565 (2022): List of hazardous substances (No.7)” in the Royal Gazette on 21 December 2022. See more …
Thailand established “Regulation of the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand No. 23 on Carbon Dioxide Emission Monitoring and Reporting in Aviation” on 2 December 2021. The regulation requires aviation business …