On May 3, 2023, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released a technical report, “Chemicals in Plastics.” Based on compelling scientific evidence, the report calls on countries around the world to take urgent action to address the chemicals contained in plastics as part of global action against plastic pollution. It aims to inform the international community about chemical-related issues that are often overlooked in regards to plastic pollution, especially the adverse effects on human health, the environment, resource efficiency, and the recycling society, and support the negotiation process for the preparation of an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution (hereinafter referred to as the international instrument).